The primary functions of mouthwash are to clean the mouth, inhibit bacteria, freshen breath, prevent tooth decay, and relieve gingivitis. These functions include mechanical flushing, chemical antibacterial measures, acid neutralization, healing promotion, and adjunctive treatment.
1. Mechanical Flush
Mouthwash uses liquid flow to flush the mouth, removing food debris and some soft deposits, reducing plaque accumulation. Using it after meals can address areas not covered by brushing and is particularly suitable for orthodontic patients or those who have undergone oral surgery and are unable to brush vigorously. However, it should not replace the physical abrasive cleansing effect of a toothbrush.
2. Chemical Antibacterial Measures
Mouthwashes containing ingredients such as chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine can disrupt bacterial cell membranes, inhibiting the growth of cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogens such as streptococci and anaerobic bacteria. They are suitable for short-term use during periods of bleeding gums and oral ulcers. Long-term use may disrupt the balance of oral flora.
3. Neutralizing Acidity
Mouthwashes containing sodium bicarbonate can neutralize the acid produced by dental plaque after eating, reducing the risk of enamel demineralization. Sodium fluoride mouthwashes can also promote enamel remineralization and are suitable as a daily supplemental preventative measure for individuals at high risk of caries.
4. Promoting Healing
Mouthwashes containing anti-inflammatory ingredients such as dipotassium glycyrrhizate and allantoin can reduce swelling and pain in extraction wounds and oral mucosal inflammation, accelerating tissue repair. However, alcohol-containing formulas should be avoided for open wounds, as they may irritate the wound surface.
5. Adjunctive Treatment
Medical mouthwashes are often used as adjunctive treatments for periodontitis and oral candidiasis. For example, chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes can control bacteria in periodontal pockets, and nystatin mouthwashes are used for fungal infections. Strictly follow your doctor's instructions for dosage and duration of treatment.